Describe the process of photosynthesis.?

photosynthesis process used plants , other organisms convert light energy captured sun chemical energy can used fuel organism's activities. carbon
dioxide , water used plants synthesize carbohydrates such sugars, hence name photosynthesis,
greek φώτο- [photo-], "light," , σύνθεσις [synthesis], "putting together". oxygen released, waste product. plants, algae, , cyanobacteria perform process of photosynthesis. these
photosynthetic organisms called photoautotrophs because can feed on own photosynthetic products. on other hand, archaea, animals, , fungi not photosynthesize. photosynthesis responsible maintaining normal levels of atmospheric oxygen,
source of carbon within organic
compounds in bodies of
organisms , source of
energy life on earth, exception being chemoautotrophs
live near deep sea vents.
although photosynthesis performed differently different species, process begins when energy light absorbed proteins called reaction centres contain green chlorophyll pigments. in plants, these proteins held inside organelles called chloroplasts,
abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria embedded in plasma membrane. absorbed light energy triggers sets of cyclic , non-cyclic light-dependant reactions. in non- cyclic (z-scheme) reactions, energy used strip electrons
suitable substances such water,
producing oxygen , hydrogen ions through photolysis. these electrons , hydrogen ions transferred compound called nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide phosphate (nadp+),
reducing nadph. in both cyclic , non-cyclic reactions, more light energy transferred chemical energy in generation of adenosine triphosphate (atp), "energy currency" of cells.
light-independent reactions
produce carbohydrates carbon dioxide. these reactions require electrons of nadph , chemical energy of atp, both of produced light-dependant reactions. in plants, algae , cyanobacteria, production of sugars done sequence of reactions called calvin cycle, bacteria
use different sets of reactions, such reverse krebs cycle. in calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide incorporated existing organic carbon compounds, such ribulose bisphosphate (rubp), through process called carbon fixation. resulting compounds reduced nadph triose phosphate. of every 6 triose phosphate molecules
produced, 1 removed form
further carbohydrates, , 5 used regenerate carbon dioxide acceptor, rubp, completing reaction cycle.

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